Somalia: STRENGTHENING SUSTAINABLE REINTEGRATION AND PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE MECHANISMS FOR SOMALI RETURNEES AND HOME COMMUNITIES

1.Background and Context

The Danish Refugee Council (DRC) has been providing Relief, Humanitarian and Early recovery/development assistance in the Horn of Africa since 1997. Using a protection of human rights framework, DRC has mainly focused on Somalis who are displaced by conflict. Programs include protection, food security and livelihoods, water and sanitation, food and NFI distribution, community driven recovery and development and advocacy, amongst others. There are 16 main/sub offices throughout Somaliland, Puntland, and South & Central Somalia. DRC currently implementing a 4 month project on which aim at strengthening sustainable reintegration and peaceful coexistence mechanisms for Somali returnees and home communities in Mogadishu. This project has been necessitated by the number of voluntary returnees that has increased over the last few years. UNHCR and partners have for instance supported the voluntary return of more than 5,289 refugee returnees from Kenya to different locations in South Central Somalia including Baidoa, Kismayo, Luuq, Mogadishu and Mogadishu. As mentioned in the Humanitarian Situation Snapshot (issued on 31^st July 2016), in March 2015, 30,202 people made the journey across the Gulf of Adan and the Indian Ocean to Somalia. 1,609 persons arrived from January to March 2016, to Bossaso, Berbera, Mogadishu, and other ports within Somalia (1,056 Somali returnee, 529 Yemenis and 22 from other nationalities). In addition, the Somali Return Consortium (SRC) has facilitated the voluntary return of over 131,816 individuals in South Central Somalia, Somaliland and Puntland. As the movement of refugees and returnees back to Somalia is likely to increase in 2016, it is crucial to strengthen existing services in Somalia and local livelihood opportunities available to different groups in order to facilitate a smooth reintegration process. DRC address long term socio-economic needs of the communities in Mogadishu by adopting a participatory approach aimed at strengthening reintegration and coexistence mechanisms. This initiative will eventually strengthen the local socio-economic fabric and is expected to facilitate the attainment of durable solutions for Somali returnees originating from Mogadishu.

2.Purpose

To determine existing opportunities that support Livelihoods and Self-reliance for Somali Returnees in Mogadishu and enhance peaceful coexistence among returnees, IDPs and the Host community as well as identify areas that require strengthening. Furthermore, the assessment seeks to examine the conditions for durable solutions for displaced persons, with a focus on returnees and to highlight the important roles and contributions of the various sectors (humanitarian, development, human rights and peace-building) in creating favorable conditions in the search for durable solutions. The assessment will use the REDSS Solutions framework which focuses on three key areas of protection; physical, material and legal safety

Key responsibilities

2.1.Key tasks

The consultant will focus on the following key activities in Mogadishu:

1. Market and livelihood assessment– Carrying out a market and livelihood assessment, which will demonstrate the current trends in the local market, opportunities for returnees, and will show what skills the returnees have. This assessment will determine what activities should then be undertaken in order to strengthen the returnees’ resilience in terms of their livelihoods, and how DRC can contribute to their reintegration. The assessment will be carried out in Mogadishu, in areas where refugee returnees from Yemen live, and will also determine how to assist the host community with the reintegration of the returnees. The assessment will therefore analyze the following:

a. Thorough local market assessment; booming sectors and gaps in the market which can be addressed;

b. Livelihood assets and strategies of the returnees; analyze how returnees are coping and integrating into the market and what obstacles they encounter, where they need support;

c. Analyze the policy, legal and institutional context of Mogadishu’s economy, available employment markets, services and commodities, financial and social institutions;

d. Analyze marketable skills on demands in the local market, and whether returnees possess these skills, with a specific focus on youth returnees and women;

e. Access to micro enterprise from the local companies in Mogadishu, required condition for taking loan by beneficiaries.

f. Identify protection challenges arising from livelihood strategies, as well as specific needs among returnees, such as women at risk, survivors of human trafficking and sexual and gender based violence (SGBV).

1. Tailored livelihood interventions - The consultant will determine the actual livelihood interventions needed to support with beneficiaries on self-reliance and integration, he/she will propose a list of the profitable business ideas that will help for local integration, planning and business growth. The consultant will analyze pre-determined tailored ideas to the returnees’ needs, and of business grants. The consulant summary short and long term projects for the returnees.

2. Stakeholders mapping: The consultant should map all stakeholders, specifying their roles programming reintegration and community co-existence projects highlighting their sphere of influence, implementation speciality, how they relate with other key NGO and local government in implementing projects of the similar nature. The participatory mapping will be with Mogadishu will be done with key informants, community leaders and humanitarian actors.

3. Capacity gaps and training needs for Mogadishu CF members:**

DRC will provide capacity to CF members mainly on the areas of monitoring gaps prioritization, quality monitoring, and mediation and conflict resolution. Additionally, business grants training will be provided to returnees with marketable skills, and particular attention given to female entrepreneurs. This training will facilitate by DRC Staff. In this light the consultant will therefore identify gaps of both monitoring and small business management skills gaps to inform programming on the priority needs identified.

Assessment questions

PHYSICAL SAFETY

Safety and security

Do returnees face any discriminatory or arbitrary restrictions of their freedom of movement?

Do returnees face threats such as mines and unexploded ordnance on main roads, cultivatable land in sites of returnees and living areas?

Are there reported targeted acts of violence or intimidation on the basis of their returnees /refugee/IDP or minority status, in

Do returnees feel less safe than host community?

What activities can be done jointly by returnees, IDPS and host community to foster peaceful coexistence?

MATERIAL SAFETY

Adequate standard of living

• What assistance programs are in place to provide returnees /IDPs with essential food, water, basic shelter, sanitation, education and essential health care?

• Do returnees access the above services in adequate conditions and quality, compared to the resident population?

• Do returnees live in overcrowded housing/shelter, compared to the resident population?

• Do returnees face specific obstacles to access public services, assistance or remittances?

• What are some of the community and individual interventions/projects which can be implemented with the community to improve standards of living?

Access to livelihoods

• Are there legal or administrative obstacles to returnees /refugee employment?

• What type of livelihood activities do returnees engage in? E.g. how much do they earn per month? Is it sufficient to meet family needs?

• What interventions should be put in place to improve livelihoods?

Restoration of housing, land & property

• Are there effective and accessible mechanisms to ensure access to land and/or secure tenure for housing, land and property rights?

• How many returnees remain without adequate land and housing and why?

• Do returnees rent houses? How much to they pay?

• What mechanism need to be put in place to support restoration of housing, land and property?

LEGAL SAFETY

Access to documentation

• Do returnee women and men face legal or administrative obstacles to obtain birth certificates, national ID cards or other personal relevant identification documents?

• Are the documents accessible and affordable?

• What should be done to provide assistance to access documentation?

Family reunification

• How many IDP and returned children or other dependent persons who have been separated with their families?

• How many unaccompanied and separated internally displaced children/returnee children for whom a best interest determination is needed but has not been conducted?

• What need to be done to reunite UAMs?

Participation in public affairs

• Do refugees/ returnees participate in or face legal or administrative obstacles that prevent them from participating in public affairs?

• How can they be assisted to participate in public affairs?

Access to effective remedies & justice

• What legal mechanisms exist and have actual capacity to provide returnees /refugees/IDPS with effective remedies for violations suffered, including violations committed by non-state actors

• Are they accessible or affordable?

• What assistance is needed to improve access to effective justice remedies?

2.2.Methodologies

Given the background and scope of the assessment, the successful consultant would define appropriate qualitative and quantitative methodologies in data collection as well as developing tools which address the key components and question for this research, the use of existing literature for similar studies will be highly recommended as part of building on existing information.

2.3.Deliverables

This must be completed and delivered to DRC on time with designated quality standards (including key findings, challenges and recommendations)

a) An inception report detailing an in-depth understanding of the TOR, highlighting how the task will be undertaken, including the use of methodologies and proposed tools.

b) Comprehensive conflict analysis report

c) Comprehensive Mogadishu stakeholders mapping report

d) Complete Mogadishu livelihood strategies and coping strategies assessment report contained community priorities and an action plan.

e)DRC’s Responsibilities

DRC will support the consultant by organizing meetings with different stakeholders and visits of different sites. DRC will make available to the consultant all the relevant documents to enable them conduct a desk review for a better understanding of DRC program in Somalia. DRC staff will also, be providing the required support for the successful completion of the consultancy.

3.Reporting requirements

The consultant will report to the Monitoring and Evaluation Manager Somalia.

4.Duration of the assignment

The assignment is expected to take place in Mogadishu for a period of 3 weeks in Oct/Nov 2016.

5.Expected Profile of the consultant

The following key competencies are required for the Consultant

· Excellent practical and theoretical understanding of humanitarian and development work in Somalia

· Excellent experience in community needs assessment, data collection and analysis

· Experience of carrying out conflict analysis and market surveys for vocational skills and providing recommendations for programme design. Knowledge of systems thinking would be an asset

· Knowledge of and experience from working with peace and conflict transformation and conflict sensitivity, preferably also with human rights issues.

· Good knowledge of Livelihood and Protection interventions

· Ability to develop training plans and conduct quality trainings for staff and stakeholders

· Acquaintance with the context of Somalia, especially Mogadishu district

· Knowledge of and experience of working with civil society actors in Mogadishu

· Sensitivity to and knowledge of gender issues

· Excellent written and oral communication skills

· Advance degree within a social sciences discipline.

6.Terms & conditions

This assignment will be field based and open to Somalia Nationals only. The consultant must have knowledge of the context and Security situation in Mogadishu and have ability to work independently. DRC will not be responsible for any insurance cover for the consultant.

7.General

Commitments: DRC has a Humanitarian Accountability Framework, outlining its global accountability committments. All staff are required to contribute to the achievement of this framework (http://www.drc.dk/HAF.4265.0.html)

Interested parties should forward the expression of interest, in English through drcjobs.moga@drcsomalia.orgno later than 11 October,2016.

The consultant must share following documents:

· CV (s) with details of qualifications, experience, telephone number and names of three referees,

· Technical proposal that summarizes your understanding of the ToR and the proposed methodology, including the foreseen work plan for the days; and

· Financial proposal providing cost estimates of daily consultancy fees in US dollars ($). Daily consulting rate is negotiable, although will be commensurate to DRC consultancy terms and standards.

· Contacts of three organizations that have recently contracted you to carry out similar assignment.